Qhov pib kev lag luam muab cov khoom siv cov khoom lag luam rau cov tsheb tsim kev lag luam. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhim kho cov tsheb kev lag luam thiab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb kev lag luam saw. Cov twj tsheb feem ntau muaj ntawm plaub ntu: lub cav, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab ntau yam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab los ntawm lawv.
Saib rov qab rau txoj kev txhim kho keeb kwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj qhov pib qhov kev lag luam, nws tuaj yeem faib ua cov theem hauv qab no:
1. Pib theem 1950-1970}: qhov pib qhov kev lag luam tau pib lig. Nyob rau hauv qhov pib theem, tag nrho cov tsheb tau tsav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw, qib qib tau qis, thiab nws yog feem ntau rau cov tsheb thauj khoom.
2. Kev loj hlob theem 1970-1990}: nyob rau hauv cov theem no, cov ntsiab lus txuj nce thiab tau pib sib raug zoo nrog cov tsheb.
3. Kev loj hlob theem 1990-}}}}}}}}}} Thaum ntxov kev nqis peev ntau dua thiab lub zos ntsuas maj mam nce.
4. Kev loj hlob theem txij thaum pib ntawm 2000 rau tam sim no: tom qab tsim kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam, thiab tsim tawm hauv ib qho ntawm cov chaw xa khoom tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb tsheb. Cov qib tag nrho ntawm cov chaw pib tau txhim kho, kev xa tawm tau txuas ntxiv loj hlob, thiab cov kev tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb tau tsim kho.
(1) Kuv lub teb chaws lub teb chaws pib qhov muaj lub neej sib txawv
Los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm lub neej, sab hauv thiab sab nrauv thiab kev tsav tsheb kev lag luam tau nkag mus rau theem paub. Qee qhov kev lag luam ywj pheej muaj cov thev naus laus zis thiab, cia siab rau qee yam nqi them tus nqi, muaj nyob ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev hloov chaw hauv tsev. Braking tshuab, kauj tshuab thiab lwm yam nyob hauv theem kev loj hlob. Cov khoom lag luam zoo hauv tsev tau txuas ntxiv lawv cov khoom cov khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws thiab maj mam nkag mus rau txoj kev txhawb nqa thoob ntiaj teb. Kev lag luam hauv cov tsheb hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam yog nyob rau theem kev kawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai.
(2) Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam nplai maj mam nqaim nrog cov teb chaws tsim
Qhov pib qhov kev lag luam tau pib lig thiab lag tom qab hauv kev txhim kho piv nrog cov teb chaws tsim. Cov chaw muab khoom hauv kev lag luam feem ntau me me hauv nplai, nrog cov peev txheej tsis txaus hauv kev tshawb fawb thev naus laus zis, thiab tsis muaj zog txhua qhov muaj zog. Cov khoom nruab nrab me thiab nruab nrab nruab nrab feem ntau muaj teeb meem xws li cov ntsiab lus siv technical.
Piv nrog Suav, cov tuam txhab pib hauv cov teb chaws tsim tau loj dua hauv cov nplai thiab ntau dua. Lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov peev txheej thiab thev naus laus zis, thiab yog cov thev naus laus zis ua ntej tshaj plaws hauv tuam txhab ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chaw lag luam hauv tsev thiab paub tab cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws hauv thev naus laus zis.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb kev lag luam tsheb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam, kev lag luam qib R & R & R & R & R & R & DICT Kev lag luam tsheb tau zoo dua. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tuam txhab loj nrog cov tuam txhab kev txhim kho ywj pheej thiab cov peev txheej me me thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv R & D hauv subdivided teb tau tawm los. Los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog ntawm lub peev xwm xws li synchronous, pwm tsim qauv thiab kev loj hlob thev naus laus zis, qee cov tuam txhab tsheb tau nkag mus rau cov khoom lag luam hauv ntiaj teb.
(3) Kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb tuam txhab tsheb tsheb tau pib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txhim kho "R & D, kev koom ua ke, thiab kev tsim kho tshiab
Kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb tsheb kev lag luam tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm txawv txawv teb chaws tsheb thiab cov tuam txhab teeb ntawm lub teb chaws "kev lag luam rau thev naus laus zis" txoj cai. Nrog rau lub ntse nce hauv kev muag khoom tsheb hauv tsev, Suav cov tuam txhab Suav tau hloov pauv ntawm "tus nqi txhim kho" thiab maj mam hloov mus txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, raws li lub tsheb kev lag luam tsheb ua ntxiv mus ntxiv thiab muaj peev xwm ua lag luam hauv ntiaj teb, kuv lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam ua ntej, kev teb sai thiab synchronous r & d muaj peev xwm.
(4) Kev txhim kho zoo ntawm ntshuam thiab xa tawm ntawm kev lag luam
Ntawm tam sim no, cov kev tsim kho pib hauv kuv lub teb chaws tau txhim kho, qhov kev tsim kho cov kev tsim kho tau nce ntxiv, thiab cov kev tsim kho cov kev txhawb nqa tau nce ntxiv, thiab kev tsim kho cov kev tsim kho tau nce ntxiv, thiab kev tsim kho cov kev tsim kho tau nce ntxiv, thiab kev txhim kho kev txhim kho nyiaj txiag tau nce ntxiv, thiab kev txhim kho cov kev tsim kho tau nce ntxiv hauv cov kev lag luam ntshuam thiab kev xa tawm ntawm qhov kev lag luam pib.
Hais txog kev xa tawm, txij li xyoo 2015, tus export tsim kev lag luam (suav nrog cov chaw tseem ceeb, thiab cov log tsheb, thiab cov log tsheb) tsis tau loj. Tsuas yog cov xa tawm ntim ntau dua US $ 60 nphom hauv 2018, lub ntim xa tawm hauv lwm xyoo tau hloov nyob ib puag ncig peb $ 55 nphom. Hauv 2020, tag nrho cov khoom lag luam tag nrho ntawm kuv lub teb chaws cov khoom siv tau tshaj li US $ 715 lab, ib xyoos twg, muaj kwv yees li 22%; Lub ntim khoom xa tawm ntawm cov khoom spare yog US $ 55.397 billion, ib xyoos-nyob rau xyoo txo tau ntawm 5.9% txog li 78%. Ntawm lawv, Tuam Tshoj lub cav kev xa tawm feem ntau yog cov ntu tseem ceeb (cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb thiab US $ 4.943 billion ntsig txog) thiab spare yam. Lub khw muag khoom tseem ceeb yog lwm feem ntawm Asia, North America thiab Europe tsis suav nrog Suav.
(5) Lub Hnav, Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob thiab Ntse Cia Qhib Qhov Chaw Rau Qhov Ntau Thiab Nqe
Los ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tsim rau cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev, thaum nce tus nqi ntawm lawv cov khoom kom nce ntxiv ob qho tib si thiab tus nqi. Tshwj xeeb, lub teeb yuag, yog txo lub zog ntawm lub tsheb, li kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm lub tsheb, ua kom muaj roj ntau, thiab txo cov pa hluav taws xob, thiab txo cov pa hluav taws, thiab txo cov pa hluav taws xob, thiab txo cov pa roj av.
